【關節炎飲食】10款減痛症食物 戒高糖重味精仲要戒奶?

撰文:鄧穎琪
出版:更新:

不知道大家有沒有看過這樣的一個廣告,一對分手後的情侶在樓梯上再重遇,旁白說:「今日我同你天各一方,你有你嘅生活、我繼續我嘅忙碌,但係假如有一日,我哋喺街上偶然咁撞倒,我哋會點吓頭,然後已經發現原來你……有關節痛?」關節炎,其實是一個十分普遍的症狀,患者會有關節痛、紅腫、灼熱等,外敷、服止痛藥或做手術等是解決辦法之一,但其實飲食方面,也可以幫到手,即睇以下的關節炎飲食宜忌。

關節炎分很多種,如骨關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、痛風性關節炎等,不單是中、老年人才會發生,近年亦明顯有年輕化趨勢。可以預防的當然建議預防,若然不幸患上關節痛等問題,除了進行各式治療外,也能試著從飲食方面著手,有些食物要多吃,有些食物要避開。

眾所周知,油炸食品、加工食品、高糖食品、重味精食品、添加劑、過於高溫食物、煙、酒等,肯定對人體無益,食得過量會引發多種健康問題,包括令炎症惡化。不過,讓人意外的,是兩年前一份報告中,提到關節炎患者需減少食用奶製品,因為奶製品當中的蛋白質或會刺激到關節附近的組織,讓痛症加劇,這發現顛覆傳統以來人人都認為多飲牛奶有益的觀念,學者建議有關節問題人士,可戒奶製品一段時間,對比一下身體狀況跟之前有否不同再判斷,亦可多從菠菜、豆腐、豆類、藜麥等吸收蛋白質。

兩年前有報告指,奶製品或影響關節炎患者的病情,隨時引致惡化,頗令人意外。(iStock)

知道要戒口的食品種類外,更需了解哪類食品能紓緩關節痛症,因為部分病人正是從食療方面,改善本身的關節問題,獲醫生減輕用藥劑量。

三文魚、沙甸魚、鯖魚等魚類都屬於高Omega-3脂肪酸的魚類,抗炎功效顯著。曾有項研究找來3組人做比較,分別於8星期內進食高脂魚類、低脂魚類、瘦肉類等,每周食4次,之後發現第一組人士的發炎指數降低了。另外又有其他研究指,進食Omega-3脂肪酸補充品的人,關節痛、晨僵等症狀都減少,痛楚亦得以紓緩。由於高脂肪酸的魚類好處甚多,美國心臟協會建議每周最少食兩次,對改善炎症問題有幫助。

請按下圖睇「減少關節痛」之10項建議食品:

1. 高脂肪魚類|三文魚的功效素來廣受讚頌,其實鯖魚都含有大量Omega-3脂肪酸,多吃無妨。(資料圖片/呂榮棟、陳錦超攝)
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資料來源:《Healthline》《Health & Human Research》《Dairy products and inflammation: A review of the clinical evidence.》《Fatty fish intake decreases lipids related to inflammation and insulin signaling--a lipidomics approach.》《A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain.》《Dietary garlic and hip osteoarthritis: evidence of a protective effect and putative mechanism of action》《Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis.》《Effect of ginger constituents and synthetic analogues on cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme in intact cells.》《Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely correlated with circulating levels of proinflammatory markers in women.》《Long-term effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. A 12-month, double-blind, controlled study.》《Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women.》《Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescents.》《Grape Consumption Increases Anti-Inflammatory Markers and Upregulates Peripheral Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Absence of Dyslipidemias in Men with Metabolic Syndrome》《Dietary extra-virgin olive oil prevents inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in murine collagen-induced arthritis.》《Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects.》《Randomized double-blind crossover study of the efficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.》